{"id":61620,"date":"2015-04-20T13:24:18","date_gmt":"2015-04-20T20:24:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev-clm-blog.pantheonsite.io\/?p=61620"},"modified":"2015-04-20T13:24:18","modified_gmt":"2015-04-20T20:24:18","slug":"the-last-vestiges-of-winter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/?p=61620","title":{"rendered":"The Last Vestiges of Winter"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Greetings from Fairbanks, AK!\u00a0 The weather has turned on a dime and most of our snow blanket has melted away.\u00a0 The willows are starting to bud and newly bare lawns reveal surprises for homeowners\u2014many household items lost long ago under layers of winter snow.\u00a0 I am happy to report that I was able to bike in just a light sweater the other day, with no concerns about frostbite.<\/p>\n<p>Harkening back, however, to when it was quite chilly\u2026 <b>moose surveys over Gates of the Arctic National Park (GAAR).<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Gates of the Arctic National Park is a mind boggling expanse of 8.5 million acres of wilderness\u2014larger than the country of Belgium\u2014that straddles the Brooks Range in the far north of Alaska.\u00a0 The park is completely devoid of trails\u2014a beautifully untrammeled natural area.\u00a0 In a land where human development has touched nearly every corner of the nation, Gates of the Arctic is a rare glimpse into an intact ecosystem that has remained unchanged for thousands of years.\u00a0 The park is a mosaic of winding rivers, dramatic valleys, glaciers, mountain peaks, spruce and tundra carpet of moss, lichen, the white blooms of Labrador tea, the beautiful purple and yellow of pasqueflowers, the variegated green leaves of bearberry and many, many others.\u00a0 Caribou, moose, brown and black bears, lynx, dall sheep, ptarmagin, wolverines, wolves and foxes beat tracks into fresh snow under the glow of the aurora borealis or bend brush under the light of the midnight sun. \u00a0Driving up to the Gates is not an option and the thus the park remains pristine, attracting only the most experienced outdoorspeople.<\/p>\n<p>I participated in this project as a BLM collaborator for a National Park Service survey.\u00a0 The object was to get an estimate of GAAR\u2019s moose population using a Geospatial Population Estimator (GSPE) method.\u00a0 To accomplish this, six pilots (with six planes) and eight observers met in Bettles and took over the NPS bunkhouse, plastering the walls and floors with all manner of topographic maps.\u00a0 I was part of the stratification plane crew.\u00a0 This plane flies first, conducting less intense surveys to identify areas of high and low potential moose density.\u00a0 It surveys every sample unit from the study area.\u00a0 For us this meant that we spent an absolutely amazing several days flying over pretty much all of Gates of the Arctic.\u00a0 After stratification has been done for a sample unit, a survey plane flies tighter transects over it, obtaining an exact count of moose present at the time.\u00a0 These numbers are summarized for each sampled unit and used to estimate moose density in un-sampled units.\u00a0 Then, of course, total GAAR moose population can be estimated.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_61623\" style=\"width: 790px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dev-clm-blog.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/cub.jpg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-61623\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-61623\" alt=\"Tucked into the Super Cub\" src=\"https:\/\/dev-clm-blog.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/cub.jpg\" width=\"780\" height=\"585\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/cub.jpg 780w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/cub-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/cub-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/cub-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-61623\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tucked into the Super Cub<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Our stratifications took us up and down the Wild River, the North Fork of the Koyukuk River, the Alatna River and the Kobuk river; over the Alatna Hills near Bettles; and most spectacularly, in and out of the breathtaking Arrigetch Peaks.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_61621\" style=\"width: 790px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dev-clm-blog.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/arri.jpg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-61621\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-61621\" alt=\"Arrigetch being beautiful\" src=\"https:\/\/dev-clm-blog.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/arri.jpg\" width=\"780\" height=\"585\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/arri.jpg 780w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/arri-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/arri-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/arri-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-61621\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Arrigetch being beautiful<\/p><\/div>\n<p>From the air we kept our eyes peeled for moose tracks and moose themselves.\u00a0 These number of these signs spotted in each sample unit allowed us to assign it a \u2018high\u2019 or \u2018low\u2019 designation.<\/p>\n<p>Of course, we saw many other animal tracks as well\u2014each with its own character as seen from the sky.\u00a0 These animal tracks dissect the plains of snow into geometric shapes.\u00a0 The trails created tell the stories of each critter\u2019s life like lines from an autobiography.\u00a0 Moose plunge through the snow dragging their feet and creating two distinct lines as seen from an airplane.\u00a0 Caribou pick through the snow more delicately than moose\u2014their tracks appear as single lines with frequent craters where the ungulates have stopped to paw the ground in search of tasty lichen morsels. Ptarmagin trace chaotic scribbles through space as they dash from bush to bush.\u00a0 Wolverines shuffle low to the ground, dragging their bellies and creating small valleys in which their paw prints fall.\u00a0 Wolves leave alarmingly large circular tracks as they prowl in search of a meal.<\/p>\n<p>On one of the most exciting passes of the trip we experienced first-hand the efficacy of wolf hunting methods.\u00a0 As we flew over a river corridor several lines of wolf tracks converged on a single point.\u00a0 At that point lie a moose carcass, an awful lot of blood, and the hunters themselves enjoying a filling meal.\u00a0 We circled a few times to observe the spectacle and the wolves, hearing the drone of our engine, attempted to flee the scene, encumbered by distended stomachs dragging in fresh snow.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_61629\" style=\"width: 790px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dev-clm-blog.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/wolf.jpg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-61629\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-61629\" alt=\"Wolf kill of moose on the frozen river\" src=\"https:\/\/dev-clm-blog.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/wolf.jpg\" width=\"780\" height=\"585\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/wolf.jpg 780w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/wolf-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/wolf-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/wolf-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-61629\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wolf kill of moose on the frozen river<\/p><\/div>\n<p>All in all, the weather was gorgeous and the surveys were completed in no time at all.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_61622\" style=\"width: 4618px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dev-clm-blog.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/aur.jpg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-61622\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-61622\" alt=\"Bonus Aurora!  (Bettles)\" src=\"https:\/\/dev-clm-blog.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/aur.jpg\" width=\"4608\" height=\"3456\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/aur.jpg 4608w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/aur-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/aur-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/aur-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/aur-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4608px) 100vw, 4608px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-61622\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bonus Aurora! (Bettles)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>The information we gathered will be used by NPS to make important management decisions.\u00a0 One of the main aspects of this management is subsistence hunting.\u00a0 Native Alaskans of three main cultures (Koyukon Athapaskan Indians, Kuuvanmiit Eskimos, and Nunamiut Eskimos) have inhabited Gates of the Arctic for nearly 13,000 years, subsisting on caribou, moose and other game animals.<\/p>\n<p>Across the years other non-native rural Alaskans have established homesteads in the park and also depend on caribou and moose for food.\u00a0 In Alaska, these types of situation are unique in that there are often no other food options for people living this far out in the wilderness\u2014the nearest grocery store is many, many miles away.\u00a0 With this in mind the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA) was passed in 1980 to preserve wilderness, protect subsistence hunting, and honor the intimate man-land relationship formed by years of peaceful coexistence. It set aside many acres of national parks and preserves for these purposes. Now, NPS biologists collect data in the hopes of making informed wildlife management decisions that balance these subsistence uses with myriad other considerations.<\/p>\n<p>The other field outing I have participated in recently was <b>snow surveys along the Dalton Highway.\u00a0 <\/b>The Dalton runs straight north, linking Fairbanks to Deadhorse, a small town (with a lot of oil) perched right on the Arctic Ocean.\u00a0 Snow surveys entailed us snow shoeing to our sites, measuring depth of snow, taking snow cores with a metal tube, measuring height of settled snow cores, weighing snow cores, and using formulas to determine water content of snow.\u00a0 Our hydrologists keep track of this snow data which allows them to predict how much snow melt will feed nearby rivers.\u00a0 We measured snow in the Yukon River and Koyukuk River drainages.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_61627\" style=\"width: 790px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dev-clm-blog.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/snowsur.jpg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-61627\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-61627\" alt=\"Measuring snow depth\" src=\"https:\/\/dev-clm-blog.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/snowsur.jpg\" width=\"780\" height=\"585\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/snowsur.jpg 780w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/snowsur-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/snowsur-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/snowsur-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-61627\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Measuring snow depth<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Trips up the Dalton are never a dull moment\u2014in addition to the scheduled field work we investigated two oil tanker turn-over sights (yikes!), one Bettles \u201cice\u201d road in poor shape, a frozen debris lobe (slow moving landslides that occur in permafrost and carry rocks, sediment, trees and ice downslope) threatening to wipe out a section of the highway, and masses of truckers stuck in Coldfoot due to road closure further north.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_61626\" style=\"width: 790px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dev-clm-blog.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/scar.jpg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-61626\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-61626\" alt=\"Tanker roll-over scar\" src=\"https:\/\/dev-clm-blog.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/scar.jpg\" width=\"780\" height=\"585\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/scar.jpg 780w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/scar-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/scar-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/scar-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-61626\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tanker roll-over scar<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_61624\" style=\"width: 790px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dev-clm-blog.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/dalt.jpg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-61624\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-61624\" alt=\"Through Atigun Pass, Dalton Highway\" src=\"https:\/\/dev-clm-blog.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/dalt.jpg\" width=\"780\" height=\"585\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/dalt.jpg 780w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/dalt-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/dalt-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/dalt-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-61624\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Through Atigun Pass, Dalton Highway<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_61628\" style=\"width: 790px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dev-clm-blog.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/suk.jpg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-61628\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-61628\" alt=\"Sukakpak Mountain, Dalton  Highway\" src=\"https:\/\/dev-clm-blog.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/suk.jpg\" width=\"780\" height=\"585\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/suk.jpg 780w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/suk-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/suk-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/suk-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-61628\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sukakpak Mountain, Dalton Highway<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_61625\" style=\"width: 790px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dev-clm-blog.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/fox.jpg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-61625\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-61625\" alt=\"Fox visitor, Dalton Highway\" src=\"https:\/\/dev-clm-blog.pantheonsite.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/fox.jpg\" width=\"780\" height=\"585\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/fox.jpg 780w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/fox-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/fox-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/fox-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-61625\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fox visitor, Dalton Highway<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Back in the office, I have been continuing to work on our little brown bat monitoring project and I am creating a first draft of an invasive species management strategic plan for our field office.<\/p>\n<p>Happy spring everyone!<\/p>\n<p>Katie<\/p>\n<p>Fairbanks, AK<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Greetings from Fairbanks, AK!\u00a0 The weather has turned on a dime and most of our snow blanket has melted away.\u00a0 The willows are starting to bud and newly bare lawns reveal surprises for homeowners\u2014many household items lost long ago under &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/?p=61620\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6077,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61620"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6077"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=61620"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61620\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":61630,"href":"https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61620\/revisions\/61630"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=61620"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=61620"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.clminternship.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=61620"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}