Since my last post Brooke and I have been very busy collecting seed here in Carlsbad. After a lot of waiting, plants are finally beginning to seed left and right! One of our more interesting collections this month was that of prickly pear and cholla cactus. The thick gloves we had brought to collect with were immediately bombarded  with thousands of tiny glochids and the occasional spine, which often went right through our gloves.

Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii fruit we collected + prickly pear pads for pressing!

Cylindropuntia imbricata (cholla) fruit!

Pressing these cactus species for herbarium vouchers was an exciting and challenging task. In order for them to dry out enough, we had to cut the prickly pear and cholla in half, and essentially skin them. This is not easily done and involved glochids everywhere (I’m still finding them stuck to my backpack somehow) as well as several cactus spines to the finger despite our gloves.

Prickly pear ready to be pressed

Cholla!

As we round on our last month of the internship, we have a lot to do and will be mega busy collecting seeds!

-Meridith McClure

Carlsbad, New Mexico BLM

Fall is finally here in Colorado. The morning air is cool and crisp, the aspen are putting on a beautiful show, and the breweries are releasing stouts. When I first started my internship, the trees had not put on new leaves for the year. Now the leaves are turning yellow, signaling that summer is nearly over and winter is coming. Fall is the season for preparing for what comes next. The plants shed leaves and go dormant to try and survive the winter. The animals are trying to find every last calorie they can before the lean times of winter. Those who garden are canning and putting away the last of the seasons harvest. Fall is a season of review; what went well, what needs work, and what to do differently next year. With my internship winding down, I have been spending a lot of time thinking about this past season and also the future.

This past summer has gone by in a whirlwind. I have been all around the wonderful state of Colorado and explored parts of it that I would have never taken the time to visit. I have met amazing people with a passion for conservation and managing our public lands. Most days were spent outdoors in the sunshine looking for the threatened and endangered plants of Colorado. It has been a great summer and I am so glad that I was able to explore the world of natural resource management and conservation. I got an up close look at how our public lands are managed and how much goes on behind the scenes. The world of resource management is vast and filled with so many great people working to preserve our awesome public lands.

The summer was not filled with just happy feelings and sunshine though. When my internship started I was very excited to travel around Colorado and get paid for it. Now that I have finished my internship, I have discovered that I really do not enjoy travelling for work. Staying away from home multiple days a week ended up being a huge inconvenience. I also have found that I am not a fan of commuting to a metro area. I originally thought my time spent going to work would be a great time to catch up on podcasts and listen to good music. While the music was great, sitting in traffic before and after work became soul crushing after a few months. Spending 2-3 hours a day to get to work and back was bad for life, and most importantly bad for the garden. Working and traveling all summer with a small crew pushed my social skills. I prefer silence and working alone, so working and traveling with people all summer was stressful at times for me. I was pushed to learn and grow this summer, personally and professionally.

I think that internships should be viewed as opportunities to explore yourself and figure out what works best for you as an individual. This summer has given me lots of time to think about where I can fit in with conservation efforts. As much as I enjoyed what I did this summer, I do not think this is what I would like to do with my life. I find myself being drawn to growing plants as a career path. I am not sure if that means growing vegetables locally, working at a botanic garden, or even growing native seed for Seeds of Success, but as long as I get to plant some seeds I will be happy.

It is always hard getting ready for change. Tomorrow will be my last day as a CLM intern and I am not really sure what the next few weeks and months will have in store for me. I am excited to see what comes next and what I can do for conservation. When the snow starts to fall this winter I have a feeling I will be longing for the days of this past summer, days spent sweating in the hot sun of the western slope of Colorado. Winter is coming, but thankfully spring always follows.

The halfway point of my internship came and went, and now I am only seven weeks out from finishing! After all of the anticipation for this internship during my last semester at Oberlin, it is hard to believe how fast it’s gone by. As always, we are keeping very busy out in the field and on the weekends. We have been continuing our schedule of the water rights inventory, juniper mapping, a few seed collections, tagging trees and some smaller projects that have come up along the way. As I update my resume for my current job search, it’s rewarding to see the number of skills I have gained while working here. We have been thrown into so many different situations, there is only time for us to figure it out as we go along. As someone who’s not the best and sometimes prefers not to plan, this generally works out fine. Lots of trial and error, but I am learning tons!

Cloudy day at Ft. Sage OHV area

Half Dome, Yosemite National Park

our Tahoe hikes have taken us on sections of the PCT!

Lake Tahoe views

Though the days have cooled off here in Susanville, CA, the fire heat hasn’t died down yet. A recent wildfire, the Willard fire, started over the weekend of September 10th just around 7 miles west of town and has now burned roughly 1,000 acres. I was not expecting to see a big plume of smoke while driving back after the weekend, but sure enough, the smoke was coming from just beyond Susanville! This is the closest I have ever been to a big wildfire, so it is a whole new experience for me. They are evacuating people along the Susan River now, and I’ve seen several planes flying overhead. The Willard fire is now 100% contained and burned a total of 2,575 acres. Structures destroyed include 2 houses and 5 other structures. The past month has been filled with water rights and juniper mapping. I’ve been able to explore so many roads at the Eagle Lake Field Office that are tucked in between 395 and 139. It is always a shock to emerge back on the highway after spending a day bumping along on the back roads. Being on the two track roads almost always makes time feel as though it passes more slowly. There is a very nice and relaxing element to the solitude of the places we visit. The marijuana growing activity has picked up since Lassen county passed a new ordinance allowing a limited number of plants to be grown for medical marijuana. Because it is harvest season, part of the field office has been closed off until things die down. Fall also marks the beginning of hunting seasons here. I am glad that my field shirt is red! Our seed collecting has been slowing down here since most things have died or the seed has gone already. We are already thinking about the possibility of driving the seed up to Bend later in October. With 6 weeks left, the thought of leaving is starting to set in a little. I really hope I get to experience some actual rain here before I leave. I don’t exactly wish to be stuck out in the field in a storm, but it would be an experience. I am also looking forward to seeing how I reflect on my time here after I leave. While taking the train back from San Francisco to Reno a few weeks ago, I was amazed by how the journey felt so different with a different vantage point. I am sure I will be processing my experiences here over many more miles of travel along new roads here and others leading to new places. The next few weekend plans include hiking around Tahoe and going up to Oregon. We are running out of weekends for adventures here in Nor Cal. The fall also means that there will probably be more office work soon. We are currently looking for sites to rake in Atriplex canescens seed, in addition to mapping upland exclosures. Last Thursday we woke up to snow on the local Diamond range, which marks the end of the Sierras. It’s pretty exciting to see snow so early. This past week it warmed up to 90 degrees during the days and felt like July again. Hopefully more snow will come soon!

Alia

Bureau of Land Management

Eagle Lake Field Office

This month I’ve been in the field half of the time and the other half in the office. Right now is time when birds from the north start migrating down to our preserve. It’s our job to prepare our wetlands so that these birds have the proper habitat they need to forage and rest. The typical preparation process starts with “resetting” the pond. What this mean is that we mow and disc “problem” areas within the pond before we flood it up. Areas with unwanted plants by birds are associated as “problem” spots. Once we reset the pond, we can start next step of pumping water into the ponds. Before we run the water pump, we check the water control structures (WCS) and make sure that it sealed tight before any water is added to the pond to prevent wasting water. We then open the valve associated with that pond and check other adjoining valves to see if they are closed since some are connected via underground piping. Once the proper valve(s) are opened, we initialize the connecting pump and double check that water is flowing out of the intended valve at the proper rate of speed. This process repeats approximately 43 more times by the middle of December since we have 44 ponds to manage.

During this time of the year, we also monitor the bird use within the ponds that we flood up. This means that as we flood additional ponds throughout the season, the workload increases as well. In addition to the new workload, we have to manage eight special ponds for the United States Geological Survey (USGS). USGS is conducting an experiment to test how well our wetlands absorb naturally occurring toxic methylmercury. Since these eight ponds are a part of the experiment, we have to treat them differently in accordance with USGS expectations. All eight ponds are to be filled up at the same time and specific instrumentations are to be placed within the WCSs.

Flooding up the ponds is my favorite part of this job. It allows all the plants and macroinvertebrates to thrive and with that an abundance of birds such as Canada geese, the popular sandhill crane, and black-necked stilts. Seeing these birds reminds me what kind of difference this job can have.

Another neat part of my job assignment this month is helping with grant proposals so that we can restore habitat for the federal-listed endangered giant garter snake (GGS). Since I have some GIS skills, I was tasked with creating maps to supplement the grant proposal text. The goal was to create a set of maps that could tell the entire story of what we were trying to accomplish with the money. It had to contain information such as proposed restoration sites, relevant habitat corridors, and urban infrastructures. The process of creating these maps took numerous edits and revisions; an important, but somewhat tedious task. I was also asked to create a literature cited page by using some existing sources from the previous Environmental Enhancement Fund (EEF) grant. Utilizing my previous education in engineering, we also calculated some dimensions of the proposed wetland restoration site. By helping our staff with this grant proposal process, I learn a lot about what applying for a grant entitles. It’s something I like to be more involved with later in the future of this internship, if possible.

Last Friday we spent the day at Ponkapoag Bog, a lovely spot just 20 minutes from Boston. Friday was one of the first days where it finally felt like Fall. The wind was blowing just right, and the colors were beginning to change–all four of us were happy campers! The day just got better as Ponkapoag is a magical spot. This bog is located just off of Interstate 93, in fact we could hear the interstate all day, but it is home to many endangered species (17 according to Backpacker Magazine…).

Scheuchzeria palustris, Pod-grass. An endangered species in Massachusetts.

The bog itself is one of the only kind in Massachusetts–hence all the rare and endangered species. Virtually untouched, it is a peaceful oasis amidst the hustle and bustle of Boston-life. The bog transported me back to Maine, where such lovely hideaway spots are common. Not only was the setting lovely, but we spent the day collecting Eriophorum virginicum, or cottongrass. A gorgeous plant that looks like pillows atop stalks.

Eriorphorum virginicum, Cottongrass

Until next time,

Julia Rogers, SOS Intern, New England Wild Flower Society

Over the past few days I have been collecting acorns with another intern, as this year is looking like a better acorn harvest than the past few. We noticed that about half of the acorns had perfect 1/8″ circular holes in them, and tried to avoid them assuming some insect larvae had burrowed its way in. The next morning, while sitting at the computer, I heard a very subtle chewing sound reminding me strongly of one time when a rat tried to chew through under door carpet into my room. I looked at the paper bag holding all the acorns, and saw a fat little larvae wriggling its way through a perfectly round 1/8″ hole near the base of the bag.

I did some research online, and it turns out these are the larvae of the acorn weevil. A female acorn weevil lays an egg into a young acorn, and as the larvae hatches and develops it feeds on the inside of the acorn. Once the acorn drops, the larvae emerges from the acorn and burrows into the ground, where it will eventually develop into an adult.

Acorn weevil larva at home

Acorns with holes

At the bottom of the bag we found a couple dozen larvae squirming around. They are almost comical in the way they move, they are so fat and legless. We fed them to my mentor’s black legless lizards, which I’m sure enjoyed the feast of what is likely their natural prey after many years of eating pet store crickets.

Then we used float/sink test to try to separate the infested from the intact acorns, assuming that the acorns with larvae would be more hollow and therefore float. It seemed to work ok, because all the acorns that floated either had holes or looked generally unhealthy. However, every time we look at the bottom of the bucket with the remaining acorn there are a dozen or so more larvae wiggling around, so there are many infested acorns that the test did not filter out. But I’m sure the legless lizards are very happy.

Acorns floating or sinking

A familiar site here in the Chihuahuan Desert of Carlsbad, NM. Photo taken by B. Palmer

I have just over five more weeks to go until I complete my CLM experience in Carlsbad, New Mexico. What a wild crazy ride it has been. I can officially say that I have put sweat, blood, and tears into my work, and have experienced every possible emotion imaginable. Enjoyment, ecstatic, sadness, homesick, disgust, anger, pain, fear, you name it. It has been one busy month, both mentally and physically.

When I last left you in my previous blog post, I mentioned that the rain was a large determining factor in my work here in the Chihuahuan Desert and southeastern New Mexico. When there was no rain to be seen in the usual monsoon season of July, there was not a seed to be found. We down here in Carlsbad were getting worried that our collection season may have been cut short due to the lack of rain. In early August, some rain was showing up, but we were still having a difficult time finding plants for collections. Sure we had gotten eight collections in the first two and a half months here, but that was nothing compared to the other SOS crews we had heard from. We were practically waiting for the weather in order to be doing our work.

Eight different collections that took place during the first half of the internship. And ONLY eight because we were waiting for the rain to bring more. We waited long enough to be able to fit all these into a box and save on shipping to the Bend seed extractory. Photo taken by B. Palmer

Since then, I have found that, when it rains in the desert, it pours. IT LITERALLY POURS. Storms roll in around here in a blink of an eye, and these are not the types of storms that one wants to be in while in the field. Thanks to the many tropical storms that blew in from the Gulf, flash floods have been a regular thing around here the last month; I suppose this is what the normal monsoon season is typically like. However, one of the wildlife biologists here mentioned that if not for the tropical storms that occurred in the last few weeks, there would have been a good chance that Carlsbad would have missed out on rain this year. But also thanks to those tropical storms, Carlsbad has gotten more rain than anticipated. The plentiful desert rains even kept us in the office for a while; this was not in fear of getting a little wet, but rather in fear of the fierce flash floods that appear to be common during the monsoons. In the end, the rain has been a blessing, and now everything is “Coming Up Roses.” I guess I can thank the tropical storms for the plentiful collections that are currently going on, as well as a busy and very neat job.

It is amazing to see how rain can transform a landscape so drastically. Not even a month ago, this landscape for merely sand, some patches of Shinnery Oak, and a few small Sand Sage bushes. Now, sand dunes and hills for as far as you can see are completely covered in yellow asters! My, how the flowers brought in the busy bustle of happy pollinators! Photo taken by B. Palmer

Oh my, how the desert evolves as soon as water is introduced into the system. The landscape completely changes here! Where there was once sand is now engulfed by a sea of Artemisia filifolia, Heterotheca subaxillaris, and Helianthus petiolaris. In places that I saw just dry gypsum soils, hard biocrust, and Mesquite skeletons are now covered in yellow snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae), Bouteloua of various species, and quivering bunchgrasses blowing in the warm desert wind. The desert transforms quickly in ideal times, and I am grateful to have been here to see it.

Similar transformations are occurring all over Carlsbad. This particular gypsum soil area that was particularly dreary and dry is now a sea of Oenothera rhombipetala. Photo taken by B. Palmer

One of the many breathtaking views of another collection site, thank you rain. The little bush on the right is Sophia (currently known in the genera Dermatophyllum) secundiflora, Texas Mountain Laurel and one tedious collection. Photo taken by B. Palmer

In just the last few weeks, collections have been plentiful. Among the plentiful aster collections, I did my first grass collection. I even identified it in the field all on my own, and collected it all on my own! For someone who does not know grasses well, it has been invigorating to learn about them, and the satisfaction from figuring some of them out all by myself has been a substantial feat.

Nassella tenuissima, the first grass collection of the season here in Carlsbad. The fluffy bunchgrass has mostly been seen growing in the shade of the Pinion pines and Junipers. Photo taken by B. Palmer

We were also fortunate enough to do a collection of Texas Mountain Laurel, otherwise known as Sophora secundiflora. It is a beautiful little evergreen pea-family tree, producing glossy, obovate leaflets and woody legumes with red, poisonous seeds. These seem to be one of the few plants here in the Chihuahuan Desert that lack any form of pokey, hurtful modified leaf or epidermis (as many of you may better know as spines and prickles). However, these plants seem to be opportunistic, as we only found them growing in the presence and protection of those nasty, mean, pokey plants that you typically find in the desert. Not only that, they were found on steep mountainsides and deep, rocky drainages of the Dark Canyon, part of the Guadalupes Mountain range that the famous Carlsbad Caverns are a part of. It was not an easy collection; however, it did not stop us ambitious interns to crawl through thick shrubbery of unpleasant plants and up rocky hills to complete this collection. Maybe it was the hot muggy days, scratched up arms, rolled ankles, bug bites, or maybe even just the sunburn talking, but this particular collection will always remain one of my stronger memories of this internship, although in the end for the better.

Collection bags are full of Sophora secuniflora legumes…and this was just half of the collection! Photo taken by B. Palmer

Other memorable collections to have taken part of were two separate cacti collections. This was the kind of collection I thought I would be a part of when I first got to Carlsbad, and at first sounded like it would not be something our mentor wanted to collect…I could not imagine why. But due to the circumstances of having no direct mentor in the office, we made the authoritative decision to collect whatever we saw could be fruitful, as long as it was native. This included the cacti we collected: Opuntia engelmannii and Cylindropuntia incarnata. The cacti proved to be fruitful! We collected buckets-full of cacti fruits and sent them off to the seed extractory right away due to the fruits being fleshy. What an experience!

We used leather gloves for our cactus collections. This was not enough to save our sweet soft hands from the terrors of spines and glochids, as you can see from the gloves. Photo taken by B. Palmer

Despite their ways of protection against us fruit thieves, you must admit the cactus are beautiful plants. At least from a distance. Photo taken by B. Palmer

Here, other Carlsbad CLM intern, Meridith McClure, is packaging the fleshy fruits of the Opuntia into plastic bags to be sent off within the hour.  Photo taken by B. Palmer

Of course, collecting cacti seeds also meant collecting herbarium vouchers. Pressing cacti can be a dreadful task, and if not done correctly, the cactus can continue to grow in the plant press as you are attempting to dry it out. I was forced to cut the cactus in half, scoop out the fleshy inside, and essentially only press the “skin” of the cacti in order to prevent any future growth of the plant. One foul sailor’s mouth and two big, swollen handfuls of glochids later, I managed to get some cactus squashed down in the plant press! This will forever go down in history as “the day Brooke pressed her first spiny succulents…successfully!”

We are no experts, but got help from experts afar in order to get these in a plant press! I suppose now that we have gotten through our first cactus pressing, we can now be called experts too! Photo taken by B. Palmer

Six herbarium vouchers later, we are blessed with a very full plant press! Photo taken by B. Palmer

Collecting for Seeds of Success has been the priority throughout my duration of the internship, but I have also gotten to participate in other cool things going on around the office (After all, in my employee description, I am considered a “Wildlife Biological Technician”). One thing I did earlier in the month was help out in a little soil erosion control project. With the crazy heavy rains here, there are certain areas that are subject to easily erode away more so than other places. One of the rangeland folk in the office is in charge of maintaining areas that are subject to damage, and he needed the interns help to control a specific area. He used our man power to fill burlap bags with mulch, and created small barricades to prevent any more soil loss in specific areas when it rains. He mentioned that ten years from now, you wouldn’t even be able to see the burlap sacks and little fences, that nature would take its course from there and cover our work with grasses and other flowers that will help root down the soil.

This was one of the two barricades we put together that day. It will help the land behind the sacks stay in its place, and over time will become overtaken by natural plants to do the rest of the work, and slow the soil erosion there. Photo taken by B. Palmer

I was also able to participate in a non-motorized boat training class that was offered a few weeks ago! If I ever work with aquatic plants or river studies in the future, this will have been a useful training. We learned how to get around in canoes and kayaks, and what to do when you tip your canoe over and such. It was an absolute blast to learn, and I hope I can use my training in the future! It was a nice way to spend a hot, Friday afternoon in the Desert.

Oh, and remember that milkweed planting I took part of earlier on in the internship? I am happy to report that although many did not take root, there are still a few surviving transplants out there! We had high hopes in creating Monarch Waystations throughout Carlsbad (see my previous posts to learn more about the monarch waystations). We had a lot of plants that didn’t survive the transplants. But I am hopeful that others can learn from our mistakes and experience of this year. My biggest hope is that next year’s group of CLM interns will be able to take on another milkweed planting task, and that it will go better than this year did!

One survivor of many Asclepias latifolia that was planted about a month ago. This year’s plantings may not make it into Monarch Waystation status, but I hope more projects like this in the future of Carlsbad will! Photo taken by B. Palmer

All in the end, I am still very privileged to be here, here in this forgotten desert that not a lot of people have heard of. Yes, I am ready to go back home, but I only have a month and a half left…a miniscule amount compared to the looming of five months away from home that seemed like so long ago. I am still entranced by the clouds painted on the sky over flat plains of desert. Every time I go out into the field, my breath is taken away by the beauty of the desert that so many have not seen and probably will never see. When it rains here, it POURS. I have found this to be true for life as well. This has been one whirlwind of a year. It has been one crazy event after the other. But all we can really do is take what we can from our crazy experiences, and leave the rest behind. Make a bouquet to use now, and sow seeds that need to be planted for a later date. Despite being homesick, I am still enjoying myself here in the unconventional city of Carlsbad, New Mexico. I am excited for what curious adventures the next month and a half will bring me.

The flat landscape here often brings out the beautiful depth of the clouds, and I cannot seem to get enough of this site out here. If I can’t be near my Colorado mountains I so dearly miss, at least I am pampered with beautiful sites such as this. Photo taken by B. Palmer

Although the pedestals here are an indication of an unhealthy ecosystem, I could not get over how treelike Sand sage could be in a barren land known for its oil and gas. Photo taken by B. Palmer

We cannot forget the beauty of the desert lies solely on those plants meant to be seen from a distance. Photo taken by B. Palmer

And of course, through thick and thin, and through blood, sweat, and tears, a botanist’s attire is not complete without her sunhat and a smile. If you don’t love what you do, you are not in the right place. Photo taken by B. Palmer

Wishing you all safe travels and exciting adventures as summer has officially turned into fall. This is Brooke Palmer from the Carlsbad, New Mexico, BLM field office. Until next time!

Well, coincidentally Nick also chose this day to post on the blog, so here goes making a post that isn’t so redundant! Wish me luck…

Wrapping up AIM

With our AIM sites wrapped up in early August and a healthy layer of dust coating the truck we’ve been using, it looked like Nick and I were settling in for the office life. Luckily, various people around the office had some small projects for us to do or help out on, and Nick and I typically jump on those opportunities faster than you can say “I’ve never seen Longmire”.

An ongoing project has been to help a former CBG intern-turned-grad-student on her experimental plot at Welch Ranch Recreation Area. Damen and Justin typically help us out with this as well, because it is incredible how all of the plots are basically weeds. Trying to pull out bindweed, get the roots, and leave the grasses that she actually planted in the plot intact has been quite the challenge. Luckily, an interesting discussion, banter, or moments of temporary insanity help pass the time while grappling with all the bindweed, Russian thistle, and various other weeds.

Other projects have included learning how to map NISIMS species, cheatgrass monitoring, and helping teach a local high school’s field trip. During the NISIMS trips, we have been pretty lucky to see some awesome moths and butterflies, as well as interesting mushrooms as a result of one of the first entirely rainy days here in the high plains. I also narrowly avoided stepping on not one, but two snakes that I could have sworn were funny-looking sticks. At least they weren’t rattlers!

Hera buckmoth found on a NISIMS excursion

Legendary BLM intern, Justin, showing Nick how NISIMS is done via Trimble

Office work has been…office work. After all the data entry into DIMA had been entered, it was time to print and file it. Not the most exciting of tasks, but necessary none the less. I will say, the benefit of now being mostly in the office is that I can actually use a restroom when nature calls instead of scouting out an acceptable shrub to duck behind. Luckily, the current NISIMS project seems to be much bigger than anticipated, so Nick and I could be looking at more field time in the near future to break up the monotony of the cubicles.

Free-time Well Spent

Recently, I had the pleasure of showing my mom and sister around my little corner of Wyoming. After not seeing them for 5 months, it was awesome to grab them from the airport and do some things I have been meaning to do since arriving in Buffalo. While my mom was in town, we visited a neat little place called the Brinton Museum. This small museum features many Native American artifacts as well as local artwork and has a delicious cafe! We then had a slightly competitive game of Cosmic Bowling (read: glow bowling) at the local bowling alley that was something out of the Big Lebowski. After mom left, my sister and I had the chance to be outdoorsy. We hiked around the Cloud Peak Wilderness Area on an awesome trail, ending up at a very scenic lake. This was followed in the next couple of days by visiting a dinosaur museum & hot springs park in Thermopolis (dino museum was beyond awesome for such a small town!) and trekking out to Devil’s Tower in the Eastern part of the state. I was sad to see them leave, but grateful they could visit!

The Dinosaur Center in Thermopolis has one of two Archaeoptyrex fossils in the world on display!

A bubbling hot spring in Hot Springs State Park

Admiring Devil’s Tower

Other brief highlights of the past couple of months:
-Hiking around and checking out some sweet waterfalls in the Bighorns
-Finding out about a free concert in Lander that featured Lake Street Dive
-Summiting a peak in the Wind River Range
-Relaxing by Lake DeSmet during the hot days of August
-Participating in a pick-up soccer league the town had for the duration of the summer
-Attending my first pow-wow

I believe that about covers things for now!

Forever Weeding,

Corinne Schroeder
BLM’s Buffalo Field Office